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對(duì)于普通人，首先要區(qū)分抑郁癥和情緒低落。

每個(gè)人都可能會(huì)時(shí)不時(shí)的情緒低落，跟伴侶發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵，失業(yè)，有的時(shí)候陰天下雨都會(huì)讓人不開(kāi)心。它可能會(huì)來(lái)的毫無(wú)理由，但是環(huán)境一變，低落的情緒也就消失了。

而抑郁癥的持續(xù)時(shí)間至少是兩周，它不會(huì)因?yàn)槟阆胂Ь拖?。不僅僅是情緒的變化，生理也會(huì)伴隨著變化，甚至?xí)?yán)重影響到正常的生活和工作。

抑郁癥的癥狀

如果有如下的5個(gè)以上的表現(xiàn)，并且持續(xù)了至少兩周，你就需要找一下本地的精神科醫(yī)院進(jìn)行檢查。

請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e注意：只有具備精神醫(yī)療資質(zhì)機(jī)構(gòu)才能確診心理疾病。心理咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)可以參與治療，但是確診只有精神醫(yī)療資質(zhì)機(jī)構(gòu)，絕大部分為公立精神醫(yī)院。

a，情緒低落。

b，對(duì)你平時(shí)感興趣的事物沒(méi)了興趣。

c，沒(méi)胃口/或暴飲暴食。

d，覺(jué)得自我沒(méi)有價(jià)值。

e，過(guò)度的自責(zé)/愧疚。

d，失眠/嗜睡。

f，無(wú)法集中注意力。

g，反應(yīng)遲鈍。

h，沒(méi)有精神/力氣

i，有自殘/自殺的想法。

確診抑郁時(shí)，如上的癥狀必須要嚴(yán)重影響日常的生活，并且需排除其他藥物造成。

抑郁的DSM-5(精神障礙診斷和統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè).第五版)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

The DSM-5 outlines the following criterion to make a diagnosis of depression. The individual must be experiencing five or more symptoms during the same 2-week period and at least one of the symptoms should be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.

1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day.

2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day.

3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day.

4. A slowing down of thought and a reduction of physical movement (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down).

5. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.

6. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day.

7. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day.

8. Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.

To receive a diagnosis of depression, these symptoms must cause the individual clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The symptoms must also not be a result of substance abuse or another medical condition.

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